At the Kharkiv Medical Institute, the Department of Partial Epidemiology with the Clinic of Infectious Diseases was established in 1923 on the basis of the Infectious Diseases Department of the Kharkiv Military Hospital No. 4 (14, Heroes of the Heavenly Hundred Square). The Department was headed by Doctor of Medicine, Professor Zinaida Mykolaivna Nesmelova, the first female professor and Doctor of Medicine in Ukraine. In 1926, the Department was relocated to the 3rd Infectious Diseases Department of the 2nd Soviet Hospital, located on Heroes of Kharkov Avenue. Scientific research was conducted in the direction of studying the clinic of typhus, infectious erythema, the clinic and epidemiology of malaria, influenza, epidemic mumps, typhoid fever, etc.

In 1932, the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Kharkiv Medical Institute was headed by Dr. Med. Sci., Professor Braude Ilya Rafailovich. He created a scientific school that paid special attention to the study of intestinal infections in both etiopathogenetic and clinical and therapeutic aspects. A significant part of scientific research was devoted to the consideration of parasitic typhus.

From 1958 to 1963, the duties of the head of the department were performed by Associate Professor Grigoriy Oleksandrovych Fridman. In September 1964, the department was headed by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Mykhailo Mykhailovych Lyskovtsev, a participant in World War II.

In September 1969, the Department of Infectious Diseases was headed by Tamara Trokhymivna Chorna. The beginning of her work coincided with a significant event for the department – moving to the new premises of the 22nd Infectious Diseases Hospital at 160 Bayrona Ave.), in which the team received a special room with offices for teachers, classrooms, a laboratory, a beautiful auditorium and a modern clinical base, equipped with Meltzer boxes and half-boxes and other services. As part of scientific research, the department studied the problems of diagnosing dysentery, influenza, erysipelas, diphtheria and other infections. The spread of interest in immunology contributed to the fact that immunological studies began to be introduced here. With the development of technical progress and laser technology, the department was the first in Ukraine to develop a new direction in the treatment of infectious diseases – the method of laser therapy. From 1992 to 2019, the department was headed by Doctor of Medical Science, Professor Volodymyr Mykolayovych Kozko. His arrival was marked by the search for new ways and opportunities for the development of scientific research. Attention was paid to the study of the state of compensatory mechanisms of adaptation to the infectious process and the improvement of drug and non-drug treatments. Over the years of scientific research work, V. M. Kozko received 19 patents for inventions, published more than 320 scientific and scientific-methodical works, including 1 monograph and 7 textbooks, including those with the seal of the Ministry of Health.

The Department of Tuberculosis within the Kharkiv Medical Institute was established in March 1923 on the basis of the Kharkiv Tuberculosis Clinical Institute. Before the organization of the independent department, there was a tuberculosis course at the Department of Faculty Therapy.

The first head of the department and at the same time the director of the recently established Institute of Tuberculosis was Professor I.I. Feinschmidt (1923-1931). From 1931 to 1956 the department was headed by Professor B.M. Khmelnytsky.

Since 2010, the head of the department has been Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor O.S. Shevchenko. The department was located on the 1st floor at 2 Novo-Bavarsky Ave., on the basis of the Municipal Non-Profit Enterprise of the Kharkiv Regional Council “Regional Anti-Tuberculosis Dispensary No. 1”, and on the basis of the Regional Tuberculosis Hospital No. 3, 8 Pirogova St. Since September 1, 2023, it was merged with the Department of Infectious Diseases.

Since August 1, 2019, the department has been headed by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Yurko Kateryna Volodymyrivna.