The Department of Endocrinology was founded in 1940 on the base of the Ukrainian institute for the improvement of doctors. Organizer and head of the endocrinology department from 1940 to 1941 and in 1957-1968 there was professor S.G. Genes is a pathophysiologist-diabetologist, author of 12 monographs. His scientific works are devoted to the study of the pathogenesis of diabetes and methods of its compensation.

From 1949 to 1952, the department was headed by professor M.A. Kopelovich. During this period, the main scientific attention of the department was focused on the study of problems of diabetology, neuroendocrinology, thyroidology and pediatric endocrinology.

During 1996-2002, the department was headed by doctor of medical sciences, professor O.M. Biletska. During this time, the focus of the department was the study of low triiodothyronine syndrome and methods of treatment of thyroid insufficiency.

In 1997, the department started training pediatric endocrinologists on the basis of the endocrinology department of the state institution “Institute of Health Protection of Children and Adolescents of the Medical Academy of Ukraine”. The base of the department is the clinic and polyclinic of the state institution ” Institute of Problems of Endocrine Pathology named after V.Ya. Danylevsky National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”.

Since 2002, the department has been headed by the director of the state institution ” Institute of Problems of Endocrine Pathology named after V.Ya. Danylevsky National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, honored statesman of science and technology of Ukraine, doctor of medical sciences, academician of National academy of medical sciences of Ukraine Y.I. Karachentsev.

Since January 2022, the department of endocrinology and pediatric endocrinology has become part of the educational and scientific institute of postgraduate education of the Kharkiv National Medical University.